Decentralized Trust Architecture for Enhancing Security and Scalability in Cloud Computing

Abstract

Cloud computing provides scalable and cost-efficient storage, but it also introduces significant security risks due to its reliance on centralized servers vulnerable to cyberattacks and insider threats. Traditional encryption techniques, while essential, are often insufficient in ensuring complete data integrity and protection. This project proposes a decentralized trust architecture that enhances both security and scalability in cloud environments by integrating Ethereum blockchain technology with cloud services. To ensure tamper-proof data storage, the system utilizes the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) for decentralized file hosting, significantly reducing the cost and inefficiency of storing large files. Only the unique hash addresses of encrypted files are stored on the Ethereum blockchain. These hashes act as immutable references, making unauthorized modifications instantly detectable. Smart contracts written in Solidity manage user interactions and data transactions, enforcing integrity through hashcode verification and eliminating reliance on centralized authorities. The system architecture involves launching an IPFS node, deploying the Ethereum blockchain network (either testnet or private), and configuring a cloud-based frontend where users can register, log in, and upload files. Prior to upload, files are encrypted locally, ensuring data confidentiality even before they reach the IPFS network. Once uploaded, the file’s hash is generated and stored on the blockchain via a smart contract, enabling verifiable, secure, and transparent access. This end-to-end decentralized model not only enhances data security but also ensures scalability and trust among users. It effectively bridges blockchain immutability, IPFS efficiency, and cloud accessibility, providing a robust solution for secure cloud storage. The architecture promotes data ownership, resilience against tampering, and user privacy, offering a significant advancement in secure cloud computing infrastructures.